蒙脱土MMT

蒙脱土（MMT）是一种天然粘土矿物，是膨胀型层状薄皮结构。蒙脱土的结构单元是由一片铝氧八面体夹在两片硅氧四面体之间靠共用氧原子而形成的厚1nm的层状结构。。由于四面体中心的4价阳离子Si和八面体中心的3价阳离子Al已被低价的阳离子取代，表面带负电，因而层间具有良好的离子交换性能和吸附性能。它能将阳离子和极性分子吸附在层间，将有机物引入层间，扩大层间距，膨胀性能好，同时改变了无机物界面极性和化学微环境，使单体有效地插入层间。同时，硅酸盐片层中间有可交换性阳离子。可与无机金属离子，有机阳离子型表面活性剂等进行离子交换。

另外，硅酸盐片层表面具有一定量的羟基，表现亲水性质而难以直接将亲油性单体或高分子插层进入硅酸盐片层中间，因此在制备聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料时，必须进行粘土的有机化处理，以改善其与聚合物基体之间的相容性。

Polypropylene

聚丙烯有着机械性能好、相对密度低、无毒、耐热性好、耐腐蚀性好、易于型加工等优良特点，在化
工、化纤、建材、轻工、家电、汽车制品、包装等领域被广泛应用

Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer, made by the chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications, including food packaging, textiles, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, thermal pants and shirts made for the military, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes.

在商业上大多数聚丙烯原料(颗粒）的结晶程度处在低密度与高密度聚乙烯之间。它的样式弹性模量也是处在一个中间大小的状态;尽管它没有高密度聚乙烯那样硬，而且也没有低密度聚乙烯那样软，不过这样就使得这种聚乙烯成为一种工程塑料的替代品

Most commercial polypropylene(Particles) has an intermediate level of crystallinity between that of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE); its Young's modulus is also intermediate. Although it is less tough than HDPE and less flexible than LDPE, it is much less brittle than HDPE. This allows polypropylene to be used as a replacement for engineering plastics.


聚丙烯产品 Polypropylene products

An important concept in understanding the link between the structure of polypropylene and its properties is tacticity. The relative orientation of each methyl group (CH3 in the figure at left) relative to the methyl groups on neighboring monomers has a strong effect on the finished polymer's ability to form crystals, because each methyl group takes up space and constrains backbone bending. Like most other vinyl polymers, useful polypropylene cannot be made by radical polymerization.

理解聚丙烯分子链对其结构和性质的作用一个很重要的。甲基集团间的相对位置与甲基间集团在相邻单体的位置有关，这些位置关系可以影响聚合物形成结晶的能力，这是因为每个甲基集团都占据了一定的空间，并且迫使聚乙烯骨架弯曲。像大多数乙烯聚合物一样，有用的聚丙烯不能由自由基聚合制得。

in my college

10 days after the earthquake in 四川（SI Chuan)province,the students in my college ,Shenyang Institute of Chemical and Technology,expressed their feeling in such way to blessing the survivors.





It is the nearly the most serious earthquake in China ,there are about 50000 people die in this disaster








（Si Chuan fighting!)





四 川 加 油

(student dormitory)